由磷肥厂副产氟硅酸生产无水氟化氢

随着我国氟工业的高速发展，使得氟资源枯竭加快，磷矿中有丰富的氟资源，如何回收利用好氟资源，给企业创造较好的经济效益，是磷复肥企业共同关注的问题。介绍了国外用氟硅酸生产无水氟化氢的专利技术以及四川大学的科研成果，认为经过中试获得必要的设计参数，便可推广应用，市场前景看好。     

从硼镁矿硫酸分解液中分级结晶硼酸和水镁矾

目前在中国用硫酸分解硼镁矿直接制取硼酸（一步法）的B2O3收率不高。对硼酸母液的利用方法主要有将硼酸母液蒸浓后冷却制硼镁肥；蒸浓冷却至室温再用浮选法或重选法进行分离；加入MgCl2做盐析剂等方案，但都存在一定的问题。经分析25，100℃H3BO3-MgSO4-H2O体系相图，确定了从硼镁矿的硫酸分解液中分级结晶硼酸和水镁矾的生产工艺，并指出可以采用冷却式Oslo结晶器结晶硼酸以获得大粒晶体；用蒸发式Oslo结晶器结晶可以获得大粒水镁矾晶体，并可确保水镁矾离心机安全运转.     

莫来石纤维多孔陶瓷的制备与性能

对纤维多孔陶瓷的制备及性能进行了研究。在制备纤维多孔陶瓷时,采用酸性磷酸铝A23(P/Al原子比为2 3)作粘结剂,所制备的多孔陶瓷在各方面都具有优良的性能。如导热系数λ(22℃)为0.0529W/m.℃、热膨胀系数α为4.75×10-6/℃、孔隙率为96.22%、容重为0.1142 g/cm3等。在环保、节能领域具有广泛的应用前景和重要的社会及经济意义。     

影响酸性电镀铜用磷铜阳极质量因素的探讨

主要探讨了影响电镀铜用磷铜阳极质量的因素,包括原材料、铜晶粒结构、磷含量及阳极表面的清洁。分别比较了某公司磷铜阳极标准与国内一般磷铜阳极标准、粗大铜晶粒结构与精细铜晶粒结构图,并将该公司揉制磷铜球黑膜形成及表面溶解状况与低质量轧制磷铜球进行了比较。介绍了优质铜阳极的特点:低金属杂质;铜晶粒精细、规整;磷铜阳极的磷含量为0．04％-0．065％且均匀分布等。     

丙烯酸/丙烯酸甲酯无规共聚物的性质研究及其表征

本研究以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)为共聚单体,以过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原体系引发剂,异丙醇为链转移剂,以水为溶剂,采用溶液聚合方法合成了P(AA-MA)无规共聚物。采用表面张力仪、热分析仪对共聚物的表面张力和热力学性质进行分析,利用红外光谱、透射电子显微镜对共聚物的结构和形貌进行了表征。     

邻氨基苯甲酸与氯化稀土配合物的固相合成及性质研究

应用固相反应法合成了稀土氯化物与邻氨基苯甲酸的配合物。对配合物进行了组成分析及热谱分析,确定了配合物组成为[RE(LH)2(L)C12]·6H2O(RE:Nd,Eu,Tb;LH:C6H4(NH2)COOH;L:C6H4(NH2)COO-)。通过IR光谱、紫外光谱及摩尔电导的测定推测了配位情况。溶解性实验表明配合物可溶于乙醇,但不溶于水。荧光光谱实验表明,固相反应合成的Tb3+配合物有较好的荧光性能。粒径测量表明:固相合成的配合物[Nd(LH)2(L)Cl2]·6H2O达到纳米级水平。     

乙酸生产现状与市场分析

介绍了国内外乙酸的生产现状及消费结构,并对乙酸的生产技术及经济作了分析比较。     

Photocatalytic mineralisation of organic compounds: a comparison of flame-made TiO2 catalysts

A comparative photocatalytic analysis was carried out on TiO₂ made in a Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) process and flame-made Degussa P25. Both have similar crystallinity, phase composition, phase segregation and a non-porous surface. Hence comparison was made based on their difference in specific surface area, organic adsorption and the amount of OH• generated upon illumination. The photocatalytic activity tests were carried out using the following series of organic compounds: sucrose, glucose, fructose, maleic acid, glyoxylic acid, oxalic acid, isobutyric acid, phenol and methanol. FSP-made TiO₂ outperformed P25 for saccharides mineralisation, while for phenol and methanol mineralisation P25 was better than FSP-made TiO₂. Similar mineralisation rates were observed for both FSP-made and P25 TiO₂ for the mineralisation of carboxylic acids. This shows that the relative performance of the photocatalysts depends on the type of organic compounds to be degraded. The high surface area and possibly a more efficient interfacial charge transfer of FSP-made TiO₂ provided an efficient pathway for saccharides mineralisation. As for phenol and methanol, the mineralisation rates were higher when using P25 due to the greater amount of OH• radicals generated by this photocatalyst. The fast mineralisation rates of carboxylic acids made degradation of these organic compounds to be less affected by the TiO₂ photocatalyst properties and conditions tested in this work.     

Relationships between ammonia volatilization and nitrogen fertilizer application rate,intake and excretion of herbage nitrogen by cattle on grazed swards

Grazed pastures emit ammonia (NH₃) into the atmosphere; the size of the NH₃ loss appears to be related to nitrogen (N) application rate.The micrometeorological mass balance method was used to measure NH₃ volatilization from rotationally grazed swards on three plots in the autumn of 1989 and throughout the 1990 growing season. The aim of the research was to derive a mathematical relationship between NH₃ volatilization and N application rate, which would vary between soil type and weather conditions. In both years the plots received a total of 250, 400 or 550 kg N ha^–1 as calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) split over 6 to 8 dressings. The number of grazing cycles ranged from 7 to 9 for the three N plots.In the last two grazing cycles of 1989, NH₃ losses were 3.8, 12.0 and 14.7 kg N ha^–1 for the 250N, 400N and 550N plots, which was equivalent to 5.3%, 13.9% and 14.4% of the amount of N excreted on the sward, respectively. In 1990, NH₃ losses were 9.1, 27.0 and 32.8 kg N ha^–1 for the 250N, 400N and 550N plots, which was equivalent to 3.3%, 6.9% and 6.9% of the N excreted, respectively. Differences in urine composition between the plots were relatively small. Rainfall and sward management affected the size of the NH₃ volatilization rate. Volatilization of NH₃ was related to N excretion and N application rate.A calculation procedure is given to enable the estimation of NH₃ volatilization from N application rate. Adjustments can be made for grazing efficiency, grazing selectivity, N retention in milk and liveweight gain, concentrate N intake and milking duration. Losses of NH₃ increase progressively with an increase in N application rate until herbage yield reaches a maximum at an application rate of about 500 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1.     

废紫铜催化制备氯化亚铜新工艺

介绍以废紫铜为原料，在催化剂作用下，铜直接同盐酸，空气中氧发生反应制备氯化亚铜的新工艺，试验确定了最佳反应条件，产品质量达到了GB1619－79的标准要求，该工艺具有原料消耗少，反应速度快，流程短，操作简单，生成成本低等特点。